Diachronic investigation into current issues in language variation. A case of Sesotho language

Abstract

Chapter one discusses the introduction and background on current issues in language variation and emphasis is placed on Basotho speakers in the Lejweleputswa district, Ficksburg, and Qwaqwa , Free State. The aim of research, research questions and objectives, research methodology as well as literature review are dealt with in this chapter. The research is undertaken because Basotho we speak one language, namely, Sesotho differently. Chapter two deals with literature review of past and present writers who wrote about language varieties. The concepts of standard language, variety, dialect, isogloss were defined and factors that cause variation such as morphology, syntax, phonology and semantics were placed under spotlight. Chapter three discussed the theoretical framework that underpins the research, and the opinions and ideas of advocates of this theory were put together regarding the causes of language variation. Factors that cause language variation such as geographical location, economic organisation, social factors and class distinction were discussed. In order to address the above purpose of the study, language variation is discussed, factors that lead to language variation are also deliberated. Chapter four dealt with research methodology to support the research. Qualitative methodology was picked as the method that seem appropriate to support this research. Data collection instruments such as interviews, field notes and observation were discussed followed by data analysis. Population comprised the Basotho speakers in the Lejweleputswa district, Ficksburg, and Qwaqwa. Sample consisted of 19 people who were interviewed. Chapter five deliberated on the actual analysis and interpretation of data and the findings revealed that people speak the same language but there are language dialects that are found within a language. These varieties are brought by the contact between different ethnic groups, urbanisation, and language borrowing. The researcher further argues that sharing of borders and inter-marriages are some of the factors that lead to language variation. One other observation was that language is not static but dynamic as it changes according to the needs of the people. Chapter six concluded the research work.