Municipal solid waste management in the Mangaung metropolitan municipality, Free State Province

Abstract

This study investigated the challenges that persistently plague municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, Free State Province, South Africa. The study primarily focused on the inefficient and inconsistent collection of refuse, resulting in widespread illegal dumping and, therefore, the city of Bloemfontein being branded as the “City buried in waste”. The investigation aimed to identify key obstacles to proper waste management and to propose actionable solutions to improve waste management practices. Data were collected using structured questionnaires targeting 139 residents and 70 municipal employees across seven towns in the Mangaung area. These data were supplemented by completing observation checklists at various residential sampling points and landfill sites. The researcher ensured cultural sensitivity and inclusivity during the data collection processes. The findings revealed significant inefficiencies in waste management practices, including inconsistent collection services, insufficient employee training, and limited recycling initiatives. The residents expressed their frustration with inadequate municipal services, while the observations highlighted poorly managed landfill sites and the prevalence of illegal dumping. Despite moderate awareness of recycling practices, significant knowledge gaps existed among residents and employees regarding the implementation of solid waste legislation. The data further revealed disparities in demographic and educational profiles, with younger residents dominating the sample, while the employees were of more mature ages but undertrained. The study urges the Mangaung Municipality to adopt a comprehensive, sustainable waste management strategy. Key recommendations include investing in modern waste collection infrastructure, strengthening recycling programs, implementing waste-to-energy initiatives, and enhancing policy enforcement. Collaboration with the private sector and community engagement are also vital to foster a circular economy and to address systemic issues. Long-term planning and the integration of smart waste management technologies will ensure that the municipality will meet the needs of its growing population while minimizing adverse environmental impacts.